In his 1974 book, The Roots of
American Order, which he viewed as his contribution to America’s Bicentennial,
the great scholar Russell Kirk said that the virtue and dignity of a great
president like Lincoln was “still respected by the American democracy.” In the
2016 presidential campaign so far, it is not so clear that such considerations
are still in the minds of many American voters.
The Republican frontrunner, Donald Trump, has assembled a
substantial following in the electorate that is so unwavering in its support
that he boasted that he could shoot someone in the middle of New York City and
it wouldn’t hurt him. While his example is hyperbolic, it not only illustrates
his point but also indicates the degree to which attention to character has
slipped off the radar screen in our current politics.
Trump has not only had multiple marriages, but a background of
serial adultery—which he virtually boasted about in his first book. He has made
a sizable amount of his fortune on the back of human weakness, with gambling
casinos. His Atlantic City casino featured a virtual strip club. His massive
business successes have been accompanied by shady business practices (many of
which have led to lawsuits), questionable associations, loan defaults, using
political connections and maneuvering to get what he wants (as with the
much-publicized attempt to have eminent domain invoked—he also did it elsewhere—against
a widow who wouldn’t sell her property so he could expand his Atlantic City
casino operation), and a tendency generally to use pressure tactics on those
who get in his way.
One notable example was the massive lawsuit he filed against the
Miss USA beauty pageant contestant who went public with evidence that the
results were predetermined. Trump has admitted that his life has not been one
of moderation, and it certainly hasn’t been characterized by humility. When
asked about why he was justified in receiving compensation of two million
dollars per year for being board chairman of a company that went bankrupt, he
said, “Because I’m a genius.” He has over the years made many similar
statements. While he contributes to charity, it’s not so clear that being
service-oriented has been a high priority for him. He said he got into real
estate simply because it’s lucrative.
Trump is hardly the only 2016 presidential candidate that
serious character questions can be raised about. The public widely views Hillary
Clinton as dishonest, but she’s still the Democratic frontrunner. The Clinton
shadiness is almost legendary. Her behavior in the Benghazi episode, the
mounting evidence about misuse of her personal email accounts when Secretary of
State in apparent violation of espionage laws (which would easily by now have
gotten a lesser figure indicted), and the issues concerning foreign
contributions to the Clinton Foundation and influence buying seem to have done
little to hurt her politically. It’s almost as if for a significant enough of a
segment of the electorate all this is irrelevant.
Her opponent, Bernie Sanders, apart from his radical past, lived
a “hippie” existence, divorced his first wife after giving her the life of
living in a shack, fathered a child out of wedlock with another woman whom he
cohabited with, had an irregular work history before being elected to public
office when nearly forty, has a reputation for improvidence, and is now married
to a woman who identifies as a Catholic and was also previously divorced and
had children (I don’t know if she ever got an annulment or is practicing).
The fact
that he has fervently clung to his socialism throughout his adult life perhaps
says the most about his character. It indicates a resistance rooted in the will
to getting a sound intellectual formation, being attentive to history, and
properly shaping one’s views about the world. The literature about the evils of
socialism and the historical record of its failures is abundant. Sanders, with
his Catholic wife, could have started by reading the encyclicals Quod Apostolici Muneris and Quadragesimo
Anno. I doubt he ever has.
The term of the year in the Republican race has been “liar.”
While this is a serious charge to make against someone in any context, a few of
the candidates don’t seem to blink an eye about it. They seem to be following
one of “rules for radicals” of Barack Obama’s inspiration, Saul Alinsky: say
something enough times so people will start to believe it whether it’s true or
not. Actually, doing this says a lot more about the character of the accuser
than about the person he’s trying to tarnish. It seems as if these
candidates—who call themselves Christian—have never heard of the sins of
calumny and disparagement. It seems as if Ted Cruz has been the most frequent
target of the “liar” slur. Regardless of whether one supports him and whatever
his other shortcomings, upon examining the subjects that have elicited this
attack on him I’ve found, frankly, that it hasn’t been warranted. Is it good to
have people who could become president making strident and untruthful attacks
on their political opponents?
Cruz also took heat for his flyer that, in effect, “shamed”
voters who haven’t turned out in the past as a way to get them to the Iowa
caucuses. To be sure, it’s not a tactic I care for. However, both parties have
used this approach in elections in various states, apparently to try to counter
voter apathy. That didn’t stop Rubio from trying to convince voters that it
shows Cruz is “unethical,” even though he did a similar thing. That would have
been a perhaps deliberate case of rash judgment, not far from the sin of
disparagement, even if it were not also hypocritical.
Charity, another quality of character, certainly hasn’t been a
hallmark of this campaign season, either.
Confusion
from a CNN report led to the Cruz campaign erroneously telling caucus-goers in
Iowa that Ben Carson may be withdrawing given his decision not to actively
campaign in New Hampshire after the Iowa caucuses. Even though it almost certainly
didn’t affect the result and Cruz explained why it happened and publicly
apologized to him—and even expressed his personal admiration of him—Carson kept
hammering Cruz about it. It was hardly a charitable response.
Speaking of humility, while it’s understandable that candidates
want to stress their accomplishments, all the candidates embellishing of
themselves—such as by claiming to have led this or that fight in
Congress—doesn’t exactly demonstrate it.
The campaign so far has been anything but an exercise in
civility. That’s another thing that tells us something about the character of
the candidates. At a time when the country cries out for civility, what we need
are politicians who can promote it while at the same time standing
unflinchingly for sound principles (a rare combination, to be sure).
Distinct character flaws clearly weakened or undermined three
presidents of recent memory. LBJ’s egotism and unwillingness to take criticism
led to a Vietnam policy that was his undoing. Nixon’s sense of insecurity,
secretiveness, and tendency to see critics and opponents as enemies led to his
Watergate disgrace and resignation. Bill Clinton’s inability to control his
sexual impulses, along with his dishonesty, led to his impeachment.
Character, then, has made or broken various presidencies. Its
deficiency has caused ensuing agony for the country. It is the essential
starting point for any public man or woman and the basis of integrity in
politics. So why do voters currently seem so oblivious to it?